Object oriented book pdf

Get BOOK. Object Oriented Analysis and Design with Applications. Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with Applications. In this third edition--the first revision in 13 years--readers can learn to apply object-oriented methods using new paradigms such as Java, the Unified Modeling. Object-oriented Analysis and Design with Applications. This revision of Grady Booch's classic offers the first industry-wide standard for notation in developing large scale object-oriented systems.

Object Oriented Analysis and Design with Applications, 3e. Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with Applications has long been the essential reference to object-oriented technology-a technology that has evolved and become the de facto paradigm in mainstream software development.

It supports the concept of hierarchical classification. Objects expose functionality only through methods, properties, and events, and hide the internal details such as state and variables from other objects. This makes it easier to update or replace objects, as long as their interfaces are compatible, without affecting other objects and code.

An operation may exhibit different behavior in different instances. The behavior depends upon the types of data used in the operation. Objectives of the Topic i Describe the principles of the OOP principles ii Describe the application of the principles.

As its name suggests it was used to create simulations. He had a vision of a personal computer that would provide graphics-oriented applications and he felt that a language like SIMULA would provide a good way for non- specialists to create these applications. He sold his vision to Xerox Parc and in the early s, a team headed by Alan Kay at Xerox Parc created the first personal computer called the Dynabook. Smalltalk was the object-oriented language developed for programming the Dynabook.

It was a simulation and graphics-oriented programming language. Smalltalk exists to this day although it is not widely used commercially. The idea of object-oriented programming gained momentum in the s and in the early s Bjorn Stroustrup integrated object-oriented programming into the C language.

This project was going nowhere until the group re-oriented its focus and marketed Java as a language for programming Internet applications. The language has gained widespread popularity as the Internet has boomed, although its market penetration has been limited by its inefficiency. Discussing the OOP Principles Inheritance In object-oriented programming, Inheritance means the inheritance of another object's interface, and possibly its implementation as well.

Inheritance is accomplished by stating that a new class is a subclass of an existing class. The class that is inherited from is called the superclass. The subclass always inherits the superclass's complete interface. It can extend the interface but it cannot delete any operations from the interface.

The subclass also inherits the superclass's implementation, or in other words, the functions that implement the superclass's operations. However, the subclass is free to define new functions for these operations. The subclass can selectively pick and choose which functions it overrides. Any functions that are not overridden are inherited. There is a great deal of debate about how to use inheritance. In particular, the debate swirls about whether inheritance should be used when you want to inherit an interface or whether it should be used when you want to inherit implementation.

For example, suppose that you want to define a search object that stores key, value pairs and allows values to be looked up by providing their keys. Later we decide that we want a new object that allows us to traverse the key, value pairs in sorted order. The new object should support the above operations plus two additional operations, rewind that puts us back to the beginning, and next that returns the next key, value pair. Since the new object supports all of the operations of the original search object, we can make the new object inherit the original object's interface.

This is an example of interface inheritance. A radio alarm clock has all of the functions of a radio plus additional functions to handle the alarm clock. If we adopt the radio's interface for the radio alarm clock, then someone who knows how to operate a radio will also know how to operate the radio portion of the radio alarm clock. Hence, rather than designing the radio alarm clock from scratch, we can extend or inherit the interface defined by the radio.

Of course, we can also use the existing implementation for a radio and extend it to handle the alarm clock functions. Classes use the concept of abstraction and are defined as a list of abstract attributes such as size, wait, and cost, and function operate on these attributes.

Eg:-When we change the gear of a car, we know the gears will be changed without knowing how they are functioning internally. Abstraction focuses on the outside view of an object i. The attributes are sometimes called data members because they hold information.

The functions that operate on these data are sometimes called methods or member function. Computer scientists use abstraction to understand and solve problems and communicate their solutions with the computer in some particular computer language.

This allows you to reduce a complex operation into a generalization that retains the base characteristics of the operation.

For example, an abstract interface can be a well-known definition that supports data access operations using simple methods such as Get and Update. Another form of abstraction could be metadata used to provide a mapping between two formats that hold structured data.

Abstraction is something we do every day e. We abstract the properties of the object, and keep only what we need E. The implementation issues are deferred to a later time or are provided by somebody else e. As a result, we only have to focus on one aspect at a time.

This issue is usually referred to as separation of concerns. Since we define these new high-level types from an abstract point of view, they may be called abstract types. An abstract type denotes a set of entities characterized by a list of operations that may be applied to them together with a precise specification of each one of these operations.

Usually, the list of operations that define a type and their specification are referred to as the type behaviour, type specification or the type contract. An abstract type is also called interface.

The set of entities which share the operations defined for a type are called instances of that type. An example of abstract type may be the type Student. This is an abstract type whose instances are each one of the specific students Joe, Ann